Abstract
BackgroundVitamin D deficiency has been implicated in several chronic, non-communicable diseases independent of its conventional role in bone and calcium homeostasis. In this retrospective study, we determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association to several cardiometabolic indices among patients visiting King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA total of 3475 charts of out-patient subjects who visited KAMC from September 2009 until December 2010 were reviewed and included. Variables of interest included measurements of vitamin D status, glycemic and renal profile, as well as trace elements (calcium and phosphorous).ResultsThe over-all prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the cohort studied was 78.1% in females and 72.4% in males. 25(OH) vitamin D was significantly associated with increasing age and weight (p-values < 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively). It was also positively associated with albumin, calcium and phosphorous (p-values < 0.0001, < 0.0001 and 0.0007, respectively) and negatively associated with alkaline phosphatase as well as circulating levels of PTH (p-values 0.0002 and 0.0007, respectively).ConclusionIn conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is overwhelmingly common among patients seen at KAMC regardless of the medical condition, and it is significantly associated with increasing age, weight and markers of calcium homeostasis. Findings of the present study further stress the spotlight on vitamin D deficiency epidemic in the country and region in general.
Highlights
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in several chronic, non-communicable diseases independent of its conventional role in bone and calcium homeostasis
We examined the relationship between serum levels of 25hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), obesity and selected cardiovascular disease risk factors in Saudi subjects
Using the same cut-off, it can be observed that the over-all prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the cohort studied was 78.1% in females and 72.4% in males (Figure 1)
Summary
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in several chronic, non-communicable diseases independent of its conventional role in bone and calcium homeostasis. In this retrospective study, we determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association to several cardiometabolic indices among patients visiting King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Evidences from clinical and epidemiological studies support a possible relationship between low vitamin D status and chronic disease. Several studies have reported conflicting findings on the relationship between vitamin D status and obesity. Many studies reported no association between vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus [42,43]. We examined the relationship between serum levels of 25hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), obesity and selected cardiovascular disease risk factors in Saudi subjects
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