Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly occurring neoplasias in humans. The prevalence of CRC rates is still rising. Although the exact background of the disease still remains unknown, it is believed that CRC may not only be a result of environmental factors, but also genetic ones. One of the mechanisms underlying CRC might be the vitamin D pathway, as CRC is the most closely linked neoplasia to vitamin D deficiency. This study shows a possible association of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI with CRC susceptibility. A total of 103 patients diagnosed with CRC (61 men and 42 women, aged 57–82 years) and 109 healthy people (50 men and 59 women, aged 47–68 years) were genotyped using PCR-RFLP for FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI. None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) individually increased or decreased the risk of CRC. The evaluation of haplotypes revealed two that might enhance the likelihood of CRC development: taB (OR = 30.22; 95% CI 2.81–325.31; p = 0.01) and tAb (OR = 3.84; 95% CI 1.29–11.38; p = 0.01). In conclusion, genotyping is an easy and robust procedure that needs to be performed only once in a lifetime. A creation of a relevant SNP’s panel might contribute to the identification of the groups that are at the greatest risk of CRC.
Highlights
According to WHO (World Health Organization) predictions, in 2040 the number of new colorectal cancer (CRC) cases will exceed 3 million and over 1.5 million deaths will be recorded worldwide [1]
A discrepancy can be noted between the percentage of men and women in the study and control cohorts When it comes to tumor staging, stage II was the most frequently encountered in histopathology examination
The tumor itself was classified as T3, meaning that the tumor grew through muscularis propria and into subserosa or the cancerous cells appeared in the surrounding tissue [22]
Summary
According to WHO (World Health Organization) predictions, in 2040 the number of new colorectal cancer (CRC) cases will exceed 3 million and over 1.5 million deaths will be recorded worldwide [1]. CRC is one of the most commonly occurring neoplasias in humans, as well as one of the most lethal [2]. This is not expected to change in the future, for the Polish population, as well [1]. Less than 5% of CRC cases are cancers in people with genetic predisposition (e.g., familial adenomatous polyposis). Factors increasing the risk of CRC with adequate evidence from scientific reports includes the following: excessive alcohol use, cigarette smoking, obesity, and lack of physical activity [3]. For vitamin D, the data is contradictory, so it is not included on the factor list. Because of its wide availability, low price, and relative safety of supplementation, it is worth avoiding vitamin D deficiency [4]
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