Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
IntroductionObesity is associated with elevated endocannabinoid tone, gut dysbiosis, and inflammation predisposing to diabetes. The endocannabinoid system mediates the effects of gut microbiota and regulates the gut barrier integrity. We examined the effects of vitamin D (VD) on colonic cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R), tight junction proteins, gut dysbiosis, metabolic and cognitive dysfunction in a model of type 2 diabetes compared with metformin. MethodsRats received high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFSD) and either VD (500 IU/kg/day; p.o.), or metformin (200 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 8 weeks. After 6 weeks, streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg; i.p) was injected. Behavioral, cognitive, and metabolic assessments were carried out. Finally, fecal, blood, and tissue samples were collected to examine Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, colonic CB1R, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4); serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), lipids, and VD; hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammatory markers. ResultsVD ameliorated HFSD/STZ-induced dysbiosis/gut barrier dysfunction as indicated by lower circulating LPS, PGN and TNF-ɑ levels, likely by downregulating colonic CB1R and upregulating ZO-1 and occludin expressions. Additionally, VD suppressed HFSD/STZ-induced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hippocampal neuroinflammation. These changes culminated in improved glycemic control and cognitive function. VD was more effective than metformin in decreasing serum LPS and TNF-ɑ levels; whereas metformin resulted in better glycemic control. ConclusionTargeting gut microbiota by VD could be a successful strategy in the treatment of diabetes and associated cognitive deficit. The crosstalk between VD axis and the endocannabinoid system needs further exploration.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
