Abstract
Some differences regarding Vitamin D metabolism are described in dogs and cats in comparison with humans, which may be explained by an evolutionary drive among these species. Similarly, vitamin D is one of the most important regulators of mineral metabolism in dogs and cats, as well as in humans. Mineral metabolism is intrinsically related to bone metabolism, thus disturbances in vitamin D have been implicated in the development of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) in people, in addition to dogs and cats. Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (RSHPT), which is the most common mineral disorder in later stages of CKD in dogs and cats. Herein, we review the peculiarities of vitamin D metabolism in these species in comparison with humans, and the role of vitamin D disturbances in the development of CKD-MBD among dogs, cats, and people. Comparative studies may offer some evidence to help further research about vitamin D metabolism and bone disorders in CKD.
Highlights
In people, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function for three months or more, with implications for health [1,2,3,4]
The 1,25(OH)2 D3 binds to the Vitamin D Receptors (VDRs) and stimulates the calcium influx through the transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) channel, in the apical membrane of the enterocytes, followed by the intracellular transport mediated by calbindin (CaBP-D28K)
The role of Calciprotein particles (CPPs) in phosphorus homeostasis remains under investigation, but it is considered that CPPs circulate in blood linked to fetuin A, preventing the precipitation of crystals of calcium phosphate in the extracellular space, especially in the postprandial period [98]
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function for three months or more, with implications for health [1,2,3,4]. CKD is characterized by structural or functional abnormalities in one or both kidneys for at least three months, and it courses with a progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons [5,6]. Vitamin D deficiency is common in dogs and cats along with the progression of CKD, and the disorders of mineral and bone metabolism occur since the early stages in these species, as well as in people [5,6,7,8]. We aim to compare the vitamin D metabolism and the disorders of the mineral and bone metabolism in CKD associated with vitamin D abnormalities, among humans, dogs, and cats. The deficiency of vitamin D has been reported in dogs and cats [59,67], and its relation with CKD-MBD in these species is discussed as follows
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
