Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. Vitamin D is considered to have anticancer properties, currently thought to work mainly through its nuclear receptor or vitamin D receptor. In this retrospective study, we compared vitamin D levels in subjects with PCa with those of age-matched men without PCa. Study subjects included 479 in each group with a mean age of 73 and a mean creatinine of 1.05 and 1.15. Levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D were 28.4 ± 0.54 and 28.05 ± 0.62 in subjects with and without PCa. Levels of 1,25 (OH) vitamin D were 47.2 ± 6.8 and 47.1 ± 7.11 in subjects with and without PCa. In contrast to other studies, we did not find a significant difference in vitamin D levels. Among prostate cancer patients, vitamin D levels correlated positively with age (r = 0.12, P < 0.02), and were negatively associated with BMI (r = −0.13, P = 0.003), glucose (r = −0.12, P < 0.007), HbA1C (r = −0.16, P = 0.001), and PTH (r = −0.21; P < 0.0001). The data do not show the causal effect of vitamin D levels on PCa.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States [1]
There is no significant difference in BMI, or in the percent of subjects with hypertension
There is no significant difference in the vitamin D levels (both 25(OH) vitamin D and 1,25 (OH) vitamin D levels) between the subjects with prostate cancer compared to the age-matched subjects without prostate cancer (t = 0.6808; P = 0.000595)
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States [1]. It is estimated that 241,740 men will be diagnosed with and 28,170 men will die of cancer of the prostate in 2012 [1]. Vitamin D from the skin and diet is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is used to determine a patient’s vitamin D status [2]. Prostate cells contain vitamin D receptors as well as enzymes necessary for vitamin D metabolism. Vitamin D metabolites are considered to have an antiproliferative and a prodifferentiating effect on prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Low levels of plasma vitamin D have been implicated as a possible risk factor for both prostate cancer incidence and advanced disease
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