Vitamin D level and bone profile among 1- to 5-year-old children in Galle municipality and Bope-Poddala areas in Sri Lanka.

Abstract

Identify the incidence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency/vitamin D insufficiency in children aged 1-5 years. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children between the ages of 1 and 5 in the Bope-Poddala and Galle municipality areas. The sample was obtained by cluster sampling method. Data on socio-demography, pregnancy, sun exposure, and diet were obtained. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured and the cutoff value was determined as per the global consensus in 2016. Among 100 children, the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 86.4 nmol/L (24.06 ng/mL). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency was 7% and 28%, respectively. Birth weight and sunlight exposure were significantly different among vitamin D deficiency/vitamin D insufficiency and sufficient groups. Both were found to be risk factors for vitamin D deficiency/vitamin D insufficiency in logistic regression. Vitamin D deficiency/vitamin D insufficiency is significant among children aged 1-5 years and decreased sun exposure and low birth weight are the main risk factors.