Abstract
Vitamin D is known to increase Ca absorption in adults. However, the threshold vitamin D status to benefit Ca absorption is lower than the target vitamin D status for higher bone mineral density and lower fracture risk, pointing to another pathway for vitamin D to benefit bone. One possibility is by affecting osteoblast and osteoclasts directly. Vitamin D-related bone metabolism may also be affected by soy isoflavones, which selectively bind to the estrogen receptor β and may reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women. We discuss a possible synergistic effect of soy isoflavones and vitamin D on bone by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast formation and activity in postmenopausal women.
Highlights
Osteoporosis, “the thinning of the bone tissue and loss of bone density over time” [1], is a major cause of fractures that accompany morbidity and complications that lead to death, especially in older people
Recent data and meta-analyses reveal that the vitamin D level that benefits Ca absorption is inconsistent with the level that optimizes bone mineral density (BMD), which is directly correlated to osteoporosis and hip fracture risk [5]
Similar to Ca and vitamin D, other nutrients may have an interactive effect on bone health, especially during estrogen deficiency
Summary
Osteoporosis, “the thinning of the bone tissue and loss of bone density over time” [1], is a major cause of fractures that accompany morbidity and complications that lead to death, especially in older people. Twenty-four percent of women over 50 years who experience hip fractures die within one year [2]. Especially postmenopausal women, are more susceptible to osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency which promotes bone resorption and inadequate intake of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D, two important nutrients to protect bone health [4]. Recent data and meta-analyses reveal that the vitamin D level that benefits Ca absorption is inconsistent with the level that optimizes bone mineral density (BMD), which is directly correlated to osteoporosis and hip fracture risk [5]. Similar to Ca and vitamin D, other nutrients may have an interactive effect on bone health, especially during estrogen deficiency. Among the wide variety of phytoestrogens, we will focus on soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein, as relatively more research has been reported on these compounds
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