Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and has reported anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties as well as bone homeostasis through the modulation of gene transcription and non-genomic signaling cascades. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available research on pharmacokinetics of vitamin D analogues, especially 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D3] and the interactions between vitamin D and pharmaceutical drugs used in patients with cancer. Hypercalcemia was the most frequently reported side effect that occurred in high doses of 1,25(OH)2D3. The half-life of 25(OH)D3 and/or 1,25(OH)2D3 was found to be impacted by cimetidine; rosuvastatin; prednisone and possibly some chemotherapy drugs. No unusual adverse effects in cancer patients were identified through this review beyond what is expected from high dose 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation such as the inconvenience of high dose vitamin D. The supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 during chemotherapy appears to have a low risk of interaction while sufficient evidence is still lacking. Further interactions with vitamin D3 and the development of new dosage forms for the therapy with high doses of vitamin D3 need to be evaluated.
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