Abstract
Background: Several reports prove interconnection between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and increased cardiovascular risk. Our aim was to investigate the effects of VD status on biomechanical and oxidative–nitrative (O–N) stress parameters of coronary arterioles in rats. Methods: 4-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into a control group (11 animals) with optimal VD supply (300 IU/kgbw/day) and a VD-deficient group (11 animals, <5 IU/kg/day). After 8 weeks, coronary arteriole segments were prepared. Geometrical, elastic, and biomechanical characteristics were measured by in vitro arteriography. O–N stress markers were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Inner radius decreased; wall thickness and wall-thickness/lumen diameter ratio increased; tangential wall stress and elastic modulus were reduced in VD-deficient group. No difference could be found in wall-cross-sectional area, intima-media area %. While the elastic elements of the vessel wall decreased, the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunostaining intensity showed no changes. Significant elevation was found in the lipid peroxidation marker of 4-hidroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), while other O–N stress markers staining intensity (poly(ADP)ribose, 3-nitrotyrosine) did not change. Conclusions: Inward eutrophic remodeling has developed. The potential background of these impairments may involve the initial change in oxidative damage markers (HNE). These mechanisms can contribute to the increased incidence of the cardiovascular diseases in VD deficiency.
Highlights
Insufficient vitamin D supply and vitamin D deficiency are important public health problems worldwide with a continuously increasing prevalence in the general population [1]
In order to reveal the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and increased cardiovascular risk in male gender, our aim was to investigate and describe the early biomechanical, structural, and possible oxidative–nitrative stress-related changes of small intramural coronary arterioles to vitamin D deficiency in male rat model, further revealing the relationship between increased cardiovascular risk and vitamin
All procedures conformed to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (8th edition, 2011) and the EU-conform Hungarian Law on Animal
Summary
Insufficient vitamin D supply and vitamin D deficiency are important public health problems worldwide with a continuously increasing prevalence in the general population [1]. Vitamin D has skeletal and extraskeletal effects. The extraskeletal effects include the impact of vitamin D on skin, muscles, and the immune system. One important extraskeletal effect of vitamin D is its beneficial influence on the cardiovascular system [6]. Several reports prove interconnection between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and increased cardiovascular risk. Our aim was to investigate the effects of VD status on biomechanical and oxidative–nitrative (O–N) stress parameters of coronary arterioles in rats. The potential background of these impairments may involve the initial change in oxidative damage markers (HNE). These mechanisms can contribute to the increased incidence of the cardiovascular diseases in VD deficiency
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