Abstract
Low-serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] are associated with insulin resistance in adults. Less data are available in pediatric populations. Serum 25(OH)D serum concentrations were assessed in 125 obese and 31 nonobese children (age 11.9 ± 2.7 y, range 6–16 y, 49% male) living in Bonn, Germany. The relationship between 25(OH)D, measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and measures of insulin sensitivity and adipokines adiponectin and resistin were analyzed. Seventy-six % of subjects were 25(OH)D deficient (<20 ng/mL). Higher insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR r = −0.269, P = 0.023), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as lower quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI r = 0.264, P = 0.030) values were found in obese children with lower 25(OH)D concentrations even after adjustment for gender, age, and body mass index. Furthermore, 25(OH)D correlated significantly with adiponectin, but not with resistin. Our results suggest that hypovitaminosis D is a risk factor for developing insulin resistance independent of adiposity.
Highlights
Obesity is the primary risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome
Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR r = −0.269, P = 0.023), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as lower quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI r = 0.264, P = 0.030) values were found in obese children with lower 25(OH)D concentrations even after adjustment for gender, age, and body mass index
HOMA-IR and QUICKI, depend on the degree of adiposity, we set out to determine if there was an association between 25(OH)D concentrations and these measures of glucose homeostasis after adjusting for age, gender, and SDS-Body mass index (BMI) and included all obese and nonobese subjects in this analysis
Summary
Obesity is the primary risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome. Unhealthy high caloric food might be low in mineral and vitamin content [3, 4]. Both represent risk factors for developing vitamin D deficiency. Bioavailability of vitamin D in obese subjects might be low because of its deposition in a fat tissue [5] and higher body fat mass might be associated with a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency [6]. Low-serum 25(OH)D levels have been correlated with impaired glucose tolerance, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, independent of obesity [14,15,16].
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