Vitamin D deficiency and thyroid autoantibody fluctuations in patients with Graves’ disease – A mere coincidence or a real relationship?

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D (vitD) and changes in the titers of anti-TSH receptor (TSHR-Abs), antithyroglobulin (Tg-Abs), and antiperoxidase (TPO-Abs) autoantibodies. Materials/methodsThe study involved 269 patients with Graves’ disease (GD), divided into four subgroups (1–4), i.e. 65 smokers treated with vitD(+) (1), 76 smokers not treated with vitD(−) (2), 61 non-smokers treated with vitD(+) (3) and 67 non-smokers with vitD(−) (4). All thyroid parameters were analyzed at entry and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months later. ResultsThe titer of TSHR-Abs in group 3 was significantly lower than in groups 1 and 2 across all time points. At 3, 6 and 12 months, the titers of TSHR-Abs were also lower in group 4 compared to groups 1 and 2. At 9 months, the titers in group 3 were lower than in all other groups. There was a significant inverse correlation between baseline levels of vitD and baseline titers of Tg-Abs (in group 1 only), Tg-Abs after 12 months (in group 1 only), TPO-Abs after 12 months (in groups 1 and 3), fT4 (in group 4 only), and a significant positive correlation with TPO-Abs (in group 2 only). VitD levels at 12 months were inversely correlated with Tg-Abs in group 1. ConclusionsVitD measurements in patients with GD, especially smokers with an increased TSHR-Ab titers before 131I therapy, are recommended. Immunological remission is more likely in patients with GD who receive vitD, particularly smokers.