Vitamin D Deficiency and its Association with Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is linked to insulin activity and its release. It is associated with uncontrolled diabetes and more complications in diabetic patients. So, this study will prove importance of investigating serum VD level in Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients and its relation to complication of diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods: Total 1025 patients with Type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. Age limit was from 40 to 76 year. Investigations for serum VD, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and urinary Albumin: Creatinine Ratio (ACR) were done in each patient. Result: It was found that most of the patient (77.89%) were having VD<29.88 ng/m along with significantly higher ACR and hs-CRP levels in these patients (P=0.012 and P=0.007, respectively). VD was observed significantly lesser in females than males P < 0.001. Those patients who were exposed to sunrays had significantly more VD values and lesser hs-CRP values in comparison to less-exposed ones, P-value (0.001 and <0.001), respectively. Physical activity significantly raises VD and decreases ACR levels in diabetic patients, P-value (0.045 and 0.001), respectively. Except age (r=0.356 P=0.041) all other factors like BMI (r=−0.503 P=0.008), duration of disease (r=−0.489 P=0.004), ACR (r=−0.295 P=0.016) and HbA1c (r=−0.330 P=0.031) were negatively correlated with VD. Conclusion: This study concluded that Type 2 diabetes with VD deficiency are prone for the development of nephropathy.