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Abstract
Vitamin D is becoming increasingly accepted as an important physiological regulator outside of its classical role in skeletal homeostasis. A growing body of evidence connects vitamin D with hepatic disease. This review summarises the role of vitamin D in liver homeostasis and disease and discusses the therapeutic potential of vitamin D-based treatments to protect against hepatic disease progression and to improve response to treatment. While pre-clinical experimental data is promising, clinical trials around liver diseases have mostly been under-powered, and further studies will be required to clarify whether vitamin D or vitamin D analogues have beneficial effects on liver disease.
Highlights
In addition to its classical role in bone and calcium homeostasis, there is an expanding volume of data regarding associations between vitamin D deficiency and several medical pathologies, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, myopathy and cancer
Like hepatitis C virus (HCV), vitamin D deficiency is common in people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) levels are associated with higher viral replication rates in patients with chronic HBV infection [43,44]
Liver fibrosis is a process characterised by the accumulation of extracellular matrix, as a consequence of chronic liver injury or disease, including viral infection, alcoholic liver disease, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), which may progress to cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma [72]
Summary
In addition to its classical role in bone and calcium homeostasis, there is an expanding volume of data regarding associations between vitamin D deficiency and several medical pathologies, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, myopathy and cancer. Vitamin D deficiency is common in chronic liver diseases [1]. Despite several impressive in vitro and in vivo studies using human liver cell lines and animals and the ease of access to vitamin. Studies involving vitamin D interventions in liver disease, like other diseases, have tended to be small and have not yielded definitive results. This review aims to update the reader on the functions of vitamin D in the liver and analyse any future roles for vitamin D treatment
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