Vitamin D and COVID-19. Two years of research

Abstract

The important role of the micronutrient status of the body for the formation of an adequate immune response, including to respiratory viruses, is currently beyond doubt. In connection with the beginning of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, numerous publications have appeared on the supposedly protective effect of many micronutrients, especially vitamin D in relation to the prevention of COVID-19 disease. Later, the results of most studies confirmed this assumption. From 2020 to early 2022, there were published 17 analytical reviews and meta-analyses summarizing the results of various studies evaluating both the preventive potential of vitamin D provision in various population groups and the role of vitamin D in reducing the incidence of severe forms of COVID-19 and mortality. The analysis of literature data presented in this review suggests vitamin D currently to have the greatest evidence base as a micronutrient promoting reduction the risk of disease and severe forms of COVID-19. Current recommendations on vitamin D subsidies, including in pediatric practice, are given.