Abstract
Preclinical investigations and selected clinical observational studies support an association between higher vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with lower breast cancer risk. However, the recently updated report from the Institute of Medicine concluded that, for cancer and vitamin D, the evidence was 'inconsistent and insufficient to inform nutritional requirements'. Against this background, reports examining vitamin D intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and breast cancer incidence and outcome were reviewed. Current evidence supports the pursuit of several research questions but not routine 25-hydroxyvitamin D monitoring and vitamin D supplementation to reduce breast cancer incidence or improve breast cancer outcome.
Highlights
The role of vitamin D in relation to breast cancer incidence and outcome is controversial
Evidence from in vitro studies [1,2], animal studies [3,4], and selected clinical observational studies [5,6] has generally supported an association between higher vitamin D intakes and levels with lower breast cancer risk, but the results have not been consistent
The recent Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on calcium and vitamin D requirements provides an authoritative base for consideration of vitamin D and breast cancer issues
Summary
The role of vitamin D in relation to breast cancer incidence and outcome is controversial. Identification of studies A literature search identified observational studies and randomized clinical trials assessing associations among vitamin D intake and/or serum 25(OH)D levels and breast cancer incidence and outcome.
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