Abstract
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many biological and biochemical processes as an antioxidant. As oxidative damage is implicated in the development of various diseases, vitamin C could have a preventive or even therapeutic effect. Fruits and vegetables are the recommended sources of vitamin C. Five servings of fruits and vegetables are protective against cancer and cardiovascular disease, however not because of vitamin C alone. On the other hand, oral vitamin C supplements in amounts higher than Recomended Daily Allowance (RDA) are beneficial in wound healing, reducing theduration of common cold symptoms, but also in prevention of common cold in heavily physically stressed persons. Furthermore, vitamin C is effective in decreasing serum fibrinogen, which is related to increased cardiovascular risk. Positive effects may be also achieved by intraarterial or intravenous administration of vitamin C in patients with diabetes mellitus and cancer. However, positive effects frequently depend on many factors, such are dose, age, health habits, etc.
Highlights
L-ascorbic acid is part of glucose metabolism, which is not accessible to humans since they lack L-gulonolactone oxidase, the last enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway
Vitamin C was first isolated by Albert SzentGyorgyi in 1928 but the credit for its popularization goes to Linus Pauling
Referentni prehrambeni unosi predstavljaju najnoviji skup prehrambenih preporuka koje je u SAD-u donio Odbor za prehranu Zavoda za medicinu, a koje se temelje na četiri kategorije: preporučenoj dnevnoj količini - prosječnoj količini dnevnog unosa hranjive tvari koja sprječava manjak u 98% populacije; procijenjenoj prosječnoj potrebi - vrijednosti unosa prehrambene tvari za koju se procjenjuje da zadovoljava potrebe 50% populacije; adekvatnom unosu - vrijednosti koja je određena kao ciljna za individualan unos prehrambenih tvari za koje ne postoje Recomended Daily Allowance (RDA); te podnošljivoj gornjoj količini unosa - najvišoj količini prehrambene tvari za koju je vjerojatno da ne predstavlja rizik nepovoljnih zdravstvenih učinaka u 98% populacije
Summary
Vitamin C je esencijalan sastojak hrane uključen u mnoge biološke i biokemijske procese kao antioksidans. S obzirom da je oksidacijsko oštećenje povezano s nastankom različitih bolesti, vitamin C ima potencijalno preventivan, ali i terapijski učinak. Voće i povrće su preporučeni izvori vitamina C koji imaju preventivnu ulogu u razvoju malignih tumora i bolesti krvožilnog sustava, premda ne isključivo zbog vitamina C. Vitamin C je učinkovit u smanjivanju koncentracije fibrinogena povezanog s povećanim rizikom od nastanka bolesti krvožilnog sustava. Pozitivni učinci mogu se također ostvariti intravenskim unosom vitamina C kod bolesnika s šećernom bolesti i nekim oblicima malignih tumora. Pozitivni učinci vrlo često ovise o mnogim čimbenicima, kao što su doza, dob, zdravstvene navike i dr. Ključne riječi: vitamin C, antioksidans, bolesti krvožilnog sustava, maligni tumori, prehlada, bolesti dišnog sustava, šećerna bolest, siva mrena
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