Vitamin A-Deficient Rats have Only Mild Changes in Jejunal Structure and Function

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiency on intestinal structure and function in rats. Weanling male rats fed a vitamin A-deficient diet (VA-) for 40–42 or 60–63 d were compared with rats either pair-fed (PF) or with free access to the same diet supplemented with vitamin A (VA+). A reference (REF) group was fed a standard rat diet. Weight began to plateau in VA- rats after 42 d, becoming significantly different from PF rats at 60–63 d (P < 0.02). Diarrhea did not develop in any study group. VA- rats had clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency in the 60–63 d study, but not in the 40–42 d study. However, serum and liver retinol concentrations were negligible in all VA- rats. VA- rats in the 60–63 d study had significantly reduced villus height (P < 0.02), and sucrase and maltase activities (P < 0.02) compared with PF rats. There were no differences between VA- and PF rats in mucosal wet weights, protein and DNA concentrations, thymidine kinase activity and glucose transport. No differences were detected in the 40–42 d study for any variable measured. Because clinical vitamin A deficiency in rats causes only mild changes in intestinal structure and function, it is unlikely that these alterations alone are responsible for the interactions observed in epidemiological studies between vitamin A deficiency and diarrheal disease.