Abstract
The present essay focuses on the Psicology and gnoseology of Synesius of Cyrene (373 – 414 BC), author of the well-known De insomniis.This work is considered by many scholars to be the last treatise on dreams of the classical antiquity. The first part of the essay analyses the so called Physiology of spirit, that is a complex philosophical and scientific theory about the existence of a specific seat of soul within the human being. It was developed in the classical era thanks to the works of Alcmaeon of Crotone (6th century BC ) and Hippocrates of Cos (5th century BC). In the central part of the essay we will analyse the text of Synesius which appears to be a real theoretical treatise of ancient psychology. The neoplatonism of Synesius meets the achievements of the ancient medical and philosophical studies in a very original way. The last part proposes some suggestions about the possible actualisation of Synesius’s thought through its comparison with modern psychoanalysis.
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