Visualization of two-phase refrigerant flow in the inlet header of brazed plate heat exchangers and its effect on distribution

Abstract

• Two-phase flow visualization is achieved by a clear window on the inlet header. • Flow regime in the inlet header is periodic and one cycle has two or three stages. • Flow regime in the inlet header significantly affects the two-phase distribution. • Effects of mass flux, inlet vapor quality, and the number of plates are examined. This paper presents an experimental study of two-phase R134a flow in the inlet header of brazed plate heat exchangers and its effect on flow distribution among the channels. Visualization of the two-phase flow is accomplished through a 3-D printed transparent window on the inlet header of the heat exchangers. The two-phase flow distribution among channels is quantified based on infrared images of the heat exchanger sidewalls. At the test conditions, the observed flow regimes in the inlet header are periodic and two or three stages are identified in one cycle: top corner vapor flow, vapor jet flow, and (conditional) liquid blockage flow. Among them, the top corner vapor flow affects the distribution most, in which the vapor refrigerant is mainly present at the top corner of the header and branches out through the first several channels, leaving the liquid refrigerant to occupy the rest flow area of the inlet header and present a single-phase like distribution profile. When the inlet vapor quality increases, the distribution of the liquid refrigerant is improved since the vapor refrigerant can reach more downstream channels to help balance the total pressure drop. With the mass flux increases, the maldistribution caused by the header induced pressure drop is more significant, which compromises the benefit brought by the higher vapor momentum. When the number of plates is increased, the liquid refrigerant distribution is worse due to an increased pressure drop in the headers.