Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been intensively studied as one promising candidate for an electrolyte in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Structural analysis of interfaces between an IL-based electrolyte and a LIB electrode would provide beneficial information for improving LIBs. In this study, we investigated the interfacial structures between an IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI), and a spinel-type lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) electrode in the presence and absence of Li-salt by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) utilizing a quartz tuning fork sensor. Solvation structures on the interface were successfully visualized by two-dimensional frequency shift mapping. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement was also performed to measure the rate of Li+-ion insertion/extraction on the interface and we found that the interfacial ion-transfer may prevent the formation of layered solvation structure.
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