Abstract

We investigated experimentally the refractions of stream lines in both saturated and unsaturated sand and glass bead layers. To visualize the stream lines, we used several kinds of color tracers popular in the study of hydraulics, and we recommend methyl orange to show percolation in sand and beads. The colored stream lines showed refractions at the interface between two different layers very clearly, and the incidence and refraction angles of the stream lines were well related to the hydraulic conductivities of each layer.

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