Abstract
Abstract The deformation behavior of sand in drained triaxial compression has been investigated using three-dimensional digital imaging correlation (3D DIC) based on surface deformation data for a deforming cylindrical specimen of sand. 3D DIC was utilized to obtain very detailed quantitative surface deformations, and strains were interpreted using large strain formulation. The time at which localization occurs as well as the characteristics of localization, whether it be bulging or shear banding, is greatly influenced by the initial relative density and less by particle morphology for a given effective confining stress. This paper summarizes important experimental observations related to strain localizations that were observed consistently for rounded and angular specimens for varying initial void ratios and confining stresses as a function of particle morphology. Data suggest similar pre-peak localization profiles irrespective of particle morphology. The post-peak evolution of localization is influenced by particle shape.
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