Abstract
The article will briefly introduce the high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) technique and will focus on its potential for researching cardiovascular development and remodelling in embryos of biomedical model organisms. It will demonstrate the capacity of HREM for analysing the cardiovascular system of normally developed and genetically or experimentally malformed zebrafish, frog, chick and mouse embryos in the context of the whole specimen and will exemplarily show the possibilities HREM offers for comprehensive visualisation of the vasculature of adult human skin. Finally, it will provide examples of the successful application of HREM for identifying cardiovascular malformations in genetically altered mouse embryos produced in the deciphering the mechanisms of developmental disorders (DMDD) program.
Highlights
During gastrulation, embryos form a simple tubular heart
This paper aims to focus on one of these techniques, high-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM), and its potential for visualising the cardiovascular system of normal and genetically altered embryos of biomedical models
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Summary
Embryos form a simple tubular heart. It pumps blood into a simple and symmetrically arranged arterial system. A large number of tools for labelling active genes and gene products and for modifying or physically challenging their interplay during critical steps of development and growth were created and successfully established All these tools produce effects that need to be properly visualised. This paper aims to focus on one of these techniques, HREM, and its potential for visualising the cardiovascular system of normal and genetically altered embryos of biomedical models. It will briefly introduce the ability of using HREM for visualising the vascular system in biopsy material stemming from human tissue. The workflow of HREM data creation is simple and will be briefly outlined in the following chapters
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