Visual Sensitivity Loss in Geographic Atrophy: Structure-Function Evaluation Using Defect-Mapping Microperimetry.

Abstract

To examine the structure-function relationship in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA) using defect-mapping microperimetry, a testing strategy optimized to quantify the spatial extent of deep visual sensitivity losses. Fifty participants with GA underwent defect-mapping microperimetry testing of the central 8°-radius region (208 locations tested once with a 10-decibel stimuli) and fundus autofluorescence imaging in one eye. The GA extent in the corresponding central 8°-radius was derived by manual annotations and image co-registration to examine the global structure-function relationship. The distance of each test location from the GA margin was also derived, and regions defined, to examine the local structure-function relationship. GA extent in the central 8° explained a substantial proportion of variance in the percentage of locations missed (nonresponse) on microperimetry at the global level (R2=0.90). At a local level, the probability of missing stimuli at the outer junctional zone (0-500 µm outside the GA margin) and GA margin (probability=7% and 34%, respectively) was higher than at the outer nonlesional zone (>500 µm outside the GA margin; probability=2%; P<0.001 for both). The probability of missing stimuli at the inner junctional zone (0-250 µm inside the GA margin) was also lower than at the inner lesional zone (>250 µm inside the GA margin; probability=64% and 88%; P<0.001). This study confirms the expected functional relevance of the region with GA on fundus autofluorescence imaging and underscores the potential effectiveness of defect-mapping microperimetry testing for capturing visual function changes when evaluating new GA treatments.