Abstract
In an attempt to assess visual-perceptual abilities, two positions have been taken in the research community. The first considers that a motor output is a necessary indication of the level of visual-perceptual development (Bender 1938, Berko 1954, Kephart 1971, among others); while the second is that an unsophisticated motor response is preferable when measuring visualperceptual abilities (Bortner and Birch 1962; Birch and Lefford 1967; Rosenblith 1965; Colarusso and Hammill 1972; Newcomer and Hammill 1973a, 1973b; among others). Until recently, the visual-perceptual tests that were available all involved motor output. Professionals testing visual-perceptual abilities of children applied motor output tests to all children. This included children with physical and motor disabilities such as children with cerebral palsy. Children with cerebral palsy were spontaneously diagnosed as having visual-perceptual defects, because their test results were from tests requiring motor outputs (Berko 1954, Cruickshank 1957, Wedell 1960, Goodman 1973).
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