Visual multiple recognition of protein biomarkers based on an array of aptamer modified gold nanoparticles in biocomputing to strip biosensor logic operations

Abstract

We developed a strip biosensors array based on aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles as receptors and combined the protein-aptamer binding reaction with the streptavidin-biotin interaction as well as the sandwich format. We found that a series of protein receptors obtained a distinct response pattern to each target protein. Three proteins have been well distinguished with the naked eyes and a portable reader without mutual interference, accompanying with lower limit of detection and wider linear range. A complete set of four elementary logic gates (AND, OR, INH, and NAND) and eight combinative logic gates (AND–OR; AND–INH; OR–INH; INH–NAND; AND–OR–INH; AND–INH–NAND; OR–INH–NAND; AND–OR–INH–NAND) are thoroughly realized using this array, which could eventually be applicable to the keypad-lock system with enhanced complexity in the near future. Moreover, this array shows excellent linear relationships, anti-interference capability, real human serum samples applicability, long-term storage stability and reproducibility. All indicate that this design has very good prospects for development.