Abstract
Visual loss, though frequently due to primary ophthalomologic problems, has many important neurologic causes. Localization of visual loss requires detailed knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the visual system. Key sites in the visual pathways include the retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations, and occipital cortex. The important components of examination are measurement of visual acuity, pupillary reactions, visual fields, and funduscopy. These data allow definition of visual loss as monocular, bitemporal, homonymous, or complete. Disorders discussed in this chapter include optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathies, and posterior cerebral artery infarction. In addition, visual-behavioral syndromes including alexia without agraphia, Anton syndrome, Balint syndrome, and the visual agnosias are reviewed.
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