Abstract
This study investigates combining the property of human vision system and a 2-phase data hiding strategy to improve the visual quality of data-embedded compressed images. The visual Internet of Things (IoT) is indispensable in smart cities, where different sources of visual data are collected for more efficient management. With the transmission through the public network, security issue becomes critical. Moreover, for the sake of increasing transmission efficiency, image compression is widely used. In order to respond to both needs, we present a novel data hiding scheme for image compression with Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding (AMBTC). Embedding secure data in digital images has broad security uses, e.g., image authentication, prevention of forgery attacks, and intellectual property protection. The proposed method embeds data into an AMBTC block by two phases. In the intra-block embedding phase, a hidden function is proposed, where the five AMBTC parameters are extracted and manipulated to embed the secret data. In the inter-block embedding phase, the relevance of high mean and low mean values between adjacent blocks are exploited to embed additional secret data in a reversible way. Between these two embedding phases, a halftoning scheme called direct binary search is integrated to efficiently improve the image quality without changing the fixed parameters. The modulo operator is used for data extraction. The advantages of this study contain two aspects. First, data hiding is an essential area of research for increasing the IoT security. Second, hiding in compressed images instead of original images can improve the network transmission efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Highlights
Rapid technological advances in network technology have made it possible to access large amounts of information on the Internet
Due to the security problems of many image encryption schemes summarized in [2], data hiding is a critical area of research for increasing the security of the network information
This study presents a 2-phase data hiding strategy by absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) parameters
Summary
For irreversible data hiding [7,8], leastbesignificant (LSB), exploiting modification (EMDs) and pixel value differencing (PVD)the might three of thebitmost common techniques. The PVD decreases the number of pixels that need to be adjusted for data embedding; it improves the method embeds the fixed size of data in the host image by adjusting the difference between the two quality of the stego image. Data embedding in the complex blocks exploits the difference between high and low mean values of a block; it achieves a higher embedding capacity than the previous methods. Hong et al [22] proposed an AMBTC-based data hiding method that uses a suppress threshold mechanism and a perturbation technique to minimize the block distortion in the stego image.
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