Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize visual properties, instrumentally measured colour properties, field fungi presence and Alternaria toxins levels in wheat samples grown under conditions aimed at inhibition and stimulation of wheat infection with fungi from the Alternaria genus. Experiment was carried out on the wheat treated by fungicide and wheat inoculated by Alternaria spp., while non treated wheat was used as a control. Statistically significant difference was observed between all three treatments using visual scale. Protected wheat samples were significantly different from other samples in terms of all measured colour parameters while inoculated and control wheat samples were significantly different in terms of lightness and dominant wavelength. Identification of field fungi in the all examined wheat samples showed that the dominant mycotoxigenic fungus was Alternaria spp., followed by Fusarium spp. The content of Alternaria toxins in samples of wheat hulls and dehulled kernels point out at higher concentrations of Alternaria toxins in hulls than in dehulled kernels.
Highlights
The aim of this work was to characterize visual properties, instrumentally measured colour properties, field fungi presence and Alternaria toxins levels in wheat samples grown under conditions aimed at inhibition and stimulation of wheat infection with fungi from the Alternaria genus
The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of determining the intensity of field fungi infestation by visual scale application and instrumental measurement of wheat ears and kernels color and to determine field fungi presence and Alternaria toxins levels in wheat samples grown under conditions aimed at inhibition and stimulation of infection of wheat with fungi from the Alternaria genus
The results obtained by application of visual evaluation of wheat ears and their instrumental colour measurement (Table 1) indicate that all three treatments differed significantly among each other by scores obtained using visual scale, with protected wheat sample assessed with the lowest scores, and inoculated wheat sample with the highest scores
Summary
The aim of this work was to characterize visual properties, instrumentally measured colour properties, field fungi presence and Alternaria toxins levels in wheat samples grown under conditions aimed at inhibition and stimulation of wheat infection with fungi from the Alternaria genus. Besides pathogenicity and reduction of quality of kernels, several Alternaria spp. are known producers of toxic secondary metabolites, Alternaria mycotoxins (tenuazonic acid, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether (Figure 2a–c), altenuen and altertoxins), which might be harmful for human and animal health [1]. In this context, the aim of this work was to explore the possibility of determining the intensity of field fungi infestation by visual scale application and instrumental measurement of wheat ears and kernels color and to determine field fungi presence and Alternaria toxins levels in wheat samples grown under conditions aimed at inhibition and stimulation of infection of wheat with fungi from the Alternaria genus
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