Visual Improvement of Slum Areas to Accelerate Universal Access to Domestic Wastewater Treatment (Case study of Yogyakarta, Semarang and Manado)

Abstract

Lack of sanitation access is among characteristics of urban slums; therefore strategies to improve sanitation are needed. One possible strategy is to improve visual appearance of slum buildings by painting walls with colours. Other than improving community awareness to maintain cleanliness, this approach can provide economic benefit for the residents, as it creates tourism activities. This paper observes visual improvement of slum areas; besides ability to accelerate access to domestic wastewater treatment is compared. This study observe domestic wastewater treatment facilities after visual improvement carried out in three different slum locations in Indonesia. They are Kampung Code in Yogyakarta, Kampung Wonosari in Semarang and Kampung Sindulang in Manado. Initiation of coloring project of the three urban area is different. Community and private sector initiated Kampung Code painting project, while the local government initiated similar project of Kampung Wonosari and Kampung Sindulang. Observation was performed by distributing questionnaires to residents of the slum areas and path analysis executed afterward. A sample size of 64, 270 and 102 were taken from Kampung Code, Kampung Wonosari and Kampung Sindulang respectively, with 5% margin of error. Wastewater management behaviour was measured based on level of community intention to manage sanitation. Intention is derived from three different independent variables: attitude, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control. Significant effects of the colouring project to improve community awareness towards the importance of domestic wastewater treatment facilities was observed in all slums.