Visual functions in children with congenital myopia and with amblyopia with the same refraction

Abstract

PurposeWas to compare visual functions in children with amblyopia and with congenital myopia of the same refraction. Principal causes of decrease in sight at children with congenital myopia is, besides high myopic refractions, this or that degree of undevelopement of the visual analyzer. The diagnosis at the given pathology is complicated, as often complicated congenital myopia and undevelopement of the visual analyzer identify as amblyopia.Methods93 children (186 eyes) at the age from 5 to 18 years were observed. Children with myopia of the same age with the same refraction have made group of 36 (72eyes). All ophthalmologic observations including visual acuity without and with correction, refractometry, skyaskopy, in conditions of cycloplegia, definition of reserves of accommodation, echobiometry of visual axies, ophthalmoskopy, biomicroscopy were carried out. Colour thresholds by Rabkin tables, an electrosensitivity threshold by phosphen, critical frequency of disappearance of flashings by phosphen, binocular vision by colour test, stereoacuity by stereograms (Lang's test II) and time of occurrence of stereoeffect were conducted.ResultsThe comparative analysis has shown, that at amblyopia with myopic refraction visual functions, such as visual acuity with correction, colour vision, stereoacuity are decreased more, than at congenital myopia with the same refraction. It is established, that at children with amblyopia colour vision on all colours is significantly decreased (espacially dark blue colour thresholds 7.5 ± 4.8 in comparison with 3.2 ± 3.3) in the absence of visible changes on an eye fundus.ConclusionsChildren of both groups had decreased stereovision in the presence of binocular vision. Thresholds of stereovision by Lang's test II (random‐dot pictures) were specially high.