Abstract
Peripheral nerve disconnections cause severe muscle atrophy and consequently, paralysis of limbs. Reinnervation of denervated muscle by transplanting motor neurons and applying Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) onto peripheral nerves is an important procedure for preventing irreversible degeneration of muscle tissues. After the reinnervation of denervated muscles, multiple peripheral nerves should be stimulated independently to control joint motion and reconstruct functional movements of limbs by the FES. In this study, a wirelessly powered two-channel neurostimulator was developed with the purpose of applying selective FES to two peripheral nerves—the peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve in a rat. The neurostimulator was designed in such a way that power could be supplied wirelessly, from a transmitter coil to a receiver coil. The receiver coil was connected, in turn, to the peroneal and tibial nerves in the rat. The receiver circuit had a low pass filter to allow detection of the frequency of the transmitter signal. The stimulation of the nerves was switched according to the frequency of the transmitter signal. Dorsal/plantar flexion of the rat ankle joint was selectively induced by the developed neurostimulator. The rat ankle joint angle was controlled by changing the stimulation electrode and the stimulation current, based on the Proportional Integral (PI) control method using a visual feedback control system. This study was aimed at controlling the leg motion by stimulating the peripheral nerves using the neurostimulator.
Highlights
Implantable devices for functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been actively developed and applied to reconstruct functional motions of patients who lost their functional movements of limbs by a spinal cord injury
The gap between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil is an important parameter for wireless implanted inside a rat body, and the gap between the two coils will not be directly measured and precisely
FESof can be the electrodes for stimulation are placed on a layer of skin over the target nerves or motor points divided into three types [22]
Summary
Implantable devices for functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been actively developed and applied to reconstruct functional motions of patients who lost their functional movements of limbs by a spinal cord injury. Interface (BCI) to regain limb movements through FES of peripheral muscles and nerves [1]. Bouton developed neuromuscular electrical stimulation sleeve to restore movements of limbs in a paralyzed human [2]. In these studies, the muscles could respond to the FES after the spinal injury because the lower motor neurons still maintained excitability to the electrical stimulation. The FES has been applied to restore functional motion for patients with spinal cord injury. Peripheral nerve disconnections caused by traffic accidents such as brachial plexus injury or neurodegenerative disease of peripheral nerves such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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