Visual and instrumental color evaluation of computerized color matching system for color reproduction of maxillofacial prostheses

Abstract

Statement of problemA commercially available computerized color matching system (e-Skin) has been introduced for maxillofacial prostheses. However, studies that have tested its ability to produce an acceptable color match for skin color are lacking. PurposeThe purpose of this clinical study was to determine the color match acceptability of light and dark skin silicone replicas fabricated with the use of the computerized color matching system. Material and methodsFifteen participants with light skin and 15 participants with dark skin were recruited through personal invitation. These 30 participants (aged around 20 years) voluntarily consented to forearm skin color measurements with a spectrophotometer and a spectrocolorimeter integrated in a computerized color matching system. Silicone skin replicas for each participant were produced from the color formulations provided by the online calculator tool of the system according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. The color difference between initial skin color measurements with the spectrophotometer and skin replica color measurements with the spectrophotometer for all participants was calculated by using both the CIELab (ΔE∗ab) and CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) color difference formulas. To compare the instrumental and visual evaluation of color match, 3 observers (a maxillofacial prosthodontist, a prosthodontist, and a postgraduate student) visually evaluated and rated the color match of each silicone replica on a 5-point scale. Statistical analyses were performed by using the Student t, Mann Whitney U, and chi-square tests (α=.05). ResultsNo significant differences were detected between the light and dark skin groups in terms of the ΔE∗ab and ΔE00 values obtained between the first skin color measurements and their silicone replica color measurements (P=.573, P=.338, respectively). However, a significant difference was found between light and dark skin groups for the ΔL and Δa values obtained from the same measurements (P=.031, P=.017, respectively). L∗, a∗, and b∗ values of light skin were significantly higher than those of their silicone replications (P=.008, P=.033, P=.046, respectively). Color match ratings of observers did not significantly differ when comparing the ratings of light skin replicas to ratings of dark skin replicas. ConclusionsThe e-Skin system provided skin replicas that matched the skin color within clinically acceptable thresholds and with ratings of at least “good” by experienced dental clinicians.