Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has become an active research area, with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) revolutionizing immunotherapy. Clinical evidence indicates that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies and other drugs have remarkable therapeutic effects. V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a new type of immune checkpoint receptor that is highly expressed in various tumors. It is co-expressed with PD-1, T-cell immunoglobulin domain, mucin domain-3 (Tim-3), T-cell immunoglobulin, and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) and is associated with prognosis, which suggests that it may be a target for immunotherapy. As an immune checkpoint receptor with no mature drugs, VISTA is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM), and other hematological malignancies; however, its pathogenic mechanism should be defined to better guide treatment.
Published Version
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