Abstract
In the last few decades, different devices for oxygen application have become available, such as low flow systems, high flow systems (HFNO), and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). They are widely applicable and have many advantages as well as disadvantages. HFNO modalities decrease dead space, improve alveolar ventilation, and apply oxygen up to 60 l/min, delivering it humidified and heated opposite NIV, which increases anatomical dead space, maintains adequate minute ventilation, and is used in more conditions than HFNO, etc. In our research, we included 12 articles. The study was conducted using literature published up from 2013 to July 2020. In our research we used following keywords: 'non-invasive ventilation', 'high-flow nasal oxygen', 'advantages', 'disadvantages', 'COVID-19'. The HFNO system appears to be more successful than standard oxygen treatment and non-inferior to NIV. It is simple, easy to apply but still insufficiently researched. More research is needed in the future on the benefits and disadvantages of the HFNO system.
Highlights
Various oxygen application devices, such as low flow systems and high flow systems, have been available in recent decades
high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) is more sophisticated than the Venturi mask, which operates on the Bernoulli principle and offers a flow of 30-50 l/min of oxygen and air, with an inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) ranging from 24 to 60%
The system can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including acute respiratory failure (ARF) and chronic respiratory failure (CRF) caused by exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular illnesses, heart failure, immunocompromised individuals, high-risk surgical operations, and respiratory insufficiency following elective extubation [4, 5]
Summary
Various oxygen application devices, such as low flow systems (basic facemask, nasal cannula, non-rebreathing reservoir mask) and high flow systems (high-pressure oxygen and air sources, and air-oxygen blender, or a high-flow “Venturi” mask), have been available in recent decades. Alternatives to traditional oxygen therapy include high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO). HFNO is more sophisticated than the Venturi mask, which operates on the Bernoulli principle and offers a flow of 30-50 l/min of oxygen and air, with an inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) ranging from 24 to 60%. HFNO has several physiological benefits, including reduced exertion of breathing, the formation of various levels of positive airway pressure (PEEP), the release of a steady FiO2, enhanced mucociliary clearance, patient comfort, and the washout of pharyngeal dead space [1]. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) represents ventilatory support with positive airway pressure, where the endotracheal tube, laryngeal mask, or endotracheal cannula are not used to secure the airway. We will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of HFNO and NIV and examine their imperfections and their use in COVID-19 infection
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