Abstract
Introduction/purpose: This paper presents the results of several different research studies. The inbred lines ZPPL 146 and ZPPL 159 and the maize hybrids ZP 633, ZP 735, and ZP 737 are primarily intended for human and livestock nutrition. Their selection took about four decades. Methods: Spectral bands were registered using the method of resonant Raman spectroscopy of the leaves of inbred maize lines. These spectral bands indicate the conformational characteristics of not only carotenoid molecules but also other compounds (phosphate, gluten, and amide III) in the leaf. Results: A systematic examination of the inbred lines ZPPL 146 and ZPPL 159 and their maize hybrids ZP 633, ZP 735, and ZP 737 was performed in this paper. It was stated that the new inbred lines of corn, i.e. ZPPL 146 and ZPPL 159, are rich in carotenoids and yellow pigments. These lines also have significant quantities of other valuable bioactive compounds and good physical characteristics. The lines have an upright position of the top leaves and belong to the group of maize lines with significant characteristics of the photosynthetic model. They are resistant to high temperatures and are drought tolerant. Conclusion: This paper presents the relevant properties, characteristics and parameters of the new studied inbred maize lines that can be used in selection processes in the future. High-yielding and high-quality maize hybrids, i.e. ZP 633, ZP 735, and ZP 737, have been created from the mentioned inbred maize lines. They are recognizable by their qualities. The hybrid ZP633 is especially noteworthy for human consumption (children and the elderly). Further, from the agronomic-veterinary point of view, it is confirmed that the hybrids ZP 735 and ZP 737 are the most suitable for livestock feeding with the programmed use of corn silage. The relevant agronomic, morphological and nutritional properties of the maize hybrids ZP 633, ZP 735, and ZP 737 are also presented in this paper. The results regarding the grain structure and yield height for grain and silage for the hybrids ZP 677 and ZP 684, produced in Serbia and the countries of Southeastern Europe, are also given.
Highlights
The period from 1978 to the present day (2020) has become historically significant because a tremendous success in maize breeding and high quality hybrid seed production was achieved
Modern technical and technological prerequisites were provided for carrying out the process of breeding, efficient production of hybrid maize seeds and significant amounts of seeds of commercial and silage hybrids (Kojić & Ivanović, 1986), (Petrović et al, 1992), (Pejić, 1994), (Jovanović, 1996, 1998), (Bekrić, 1997, 1999), (Dumanović & Pajić, 1998), (Jovanović et al, 2000), (Radenović & Somborac, 2000), (Antov et al, 2004), (Dinić & Đorđević, 2005)
In addition to the outstanding results achieved in the selection of standard grain and maize silage hybrids, there was a pressing need to develop new inbred lines and better quality maize hybrids with an improved chemical composition of the grain, especially in essential bioactive compounds
Summary
The period from 1978 to the present day (2020) has become historically significant because a tremendous success in maize breeding and high quality hybrid seed production was achieved. In order to succeed in this, it is necessary to select a plot with good soil properties, use high quality seed, apply the necessary amount of mineral fertilisers, perform proper and timely sowing and apply tested herbicides that have no residual effects and toxic effects on silage mass. All this has to provide silage that contains approximately 50% grain, as it is a prime quality part. Silage is the basis of cost-effective and contemporary animal husbandry and the closest substitute for green forage (Bekrić, 1997, 1999), (Dumanović & Pajić, 1998), (Pejić, 1994), (Jovanović, 1996, 1998), (Jovanović et al, 2000), (Antov et al, 2004), (Dinić & Đorđević, 2005), (Liu, 2007), (Strati et al, 2012), (Radenović, 2002, 2013), (Bacchetti et al, 2013), (Buxton & Russel, 1988), (Đorđević & Dinić, 2003), (Grubić et al, 1995), (Kurlich & Juvik, 1999), (Lazarević et al, 1999), (Luo & Wang, 2012), (Maksimović et al, 1971, 1997)
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