Abstract
Recent advances in functionalized micro-nanostructures have enlightened promising non-thermal-dependent antibacterial strategies with broad applications in preventing agrofood spoilage, clinical infections, and environmental pollution caused by pathogens. These advances highlight the need for precise design of efficient and multi-mode bactericides. Herein, photosensitive vitamin B2 (VB2) was exploited to functionalize semiconductors with limited visible-light response and intrinsic antibacterial activity, while ZnO served as a paradigm for the fabrication of VB2-functionalized zinc oxide (VB2-ZnO) with persistent antibacterial effects. The enhanced visible photocatalytic activity and the released Zn2+ in VB2-ZnO contribute to potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects by disrupting bacterial structures and inducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, the successful fabrication of composite films incorporating VB2-ZnO and natural locust bean gum (LBG) exhibited improved physicochemical properties and persistent antibacterial effects, resulting in the shelf-life extension of perishable berries. This work pioneers a novel approach to functionalizing semiconductor photocatalysts with VB2 photosensitizer, offering novel solutions for ensuring agrofood safety through multi-mechanism antibacterial materials.
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