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Abstract
Visible light communications (VLC) is an emerging and promising concept that is capable of solving the major challenges of 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems. Moreover, due to the usage of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in almost every aspect of our daily life VLC is providing massive connectivity for various types of massive IoT communications ranging from machine-to-machine, vehicle-to-infrastructure, infrastructure-to-vehicle, chip-to-chip as well as device-to-device. In this paper, we undertake a comprehensive review of the prospects of implementing VLC for IoT. Moreover, we investigate existing and proposed approaches implemented in the application of VLC for IoT. Additionally, we look at the challenges faced in applying VLC for IoT and offer solutions where applicable. Then, we identify future research directions in the implementation of VLC for IoT.
Highlights
Challenges, Solutions and FutureThere is a rising interest to provide wireless connectivity to “Things” through the internet infrastructure by extending the realms of the internet with a growing trend in smart city, smart grids, smart manufacturing, and smart transportation concepts [1,2,3,4].The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the advancement in wireless communication have resulted in an astronomical increase in the number of ‘Things’ taking part in IoT causing a radio frequency (RF) spectrum scarcity [5,6,7]
We suggest the following solutions to mitigate the problem of LOS in visible light communication (VLC)-IoT including: (1) using antennas with high spatial diversity to ensure that at least one uninterrupted signal connection is always guaranteed at any point in time, (2) using multiple multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
It was discovered that most contributions have been geared towards improving the speed and data rate of the VLC concept leading to a lack of a comprehensive review of the application of the VLC concept to improve other wireless communication technologies
Summary
There is a rising interest to provide wireless connectivity to “Things” through the internet infrastructure by extending the realms of the internet with a growing trend in smart city, smart grids, smart manufacturing, and smart transportation concepts [1,2,3,4]. A new paradigm in wireless communication known as the internet of light-emitting diode (LED) which integrates IoT with VLC using LED has been introduced and is being investigated This technology has been applied in indoor navigation and art gallery monitoring where an array of LEDs on the ceiling of departmental stores and museums which act as a source of illumination are used to transmit the position of certain products and artworks to a user mobile device [19,22,23,24]. To the best of our knowledge, there is yet to be a comprehensive survey that combines the prospects, existing and proposed approaches, challenges, solutions, future research directions in applying VLC for IoT in a single review paper.
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