Abstract
In this study, the viscosity behavior of two mixtures of Ethaline (1 ChCl:2 ethylene glycol) with either methanol or ethanol were investigated over the temperature range of 283.15–333.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The measured viscosities of neat Ethaline, methanol, and ethanol showed reliable agreement with the corresponding reported literature values. The mixture viscosities were modeled by an Arrhenius-like model to determine the behavior of viscosity with respect to temperature. The data were also modeled by the four well-known mixture viscosity models of Grunberg–Nissan, Jouyban–Acree, McAllister, and Preferential Solvation. All of the model results were reliable, with the Jouyban–Acree and Preferential Solvation models showing the most accurate agreement with the experimental measurements. The Jones–Dole viscosity model was also investigated for the measured viscosities, and by analyzing the results of this model, strong interactions among Ethaline and the alcohol molecules were proposed for both systems. As a final analysis, viscosity deviations of the investigated systems were calculated to study the deviations of the viscosity behaviors with respect to ideal behavior. Both systems showed negative viscosity deviations at all of the investigated temperatures, with the negative values tending towards zero, and hence more ideal behavior, with increasing temperatures. Moreover, in order to correlate the calculated viscosity deviations, the Redlich–Kister model was successfully used for both systems and at each investigated temperature.
Highlights
The concept of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) was introduced by Abbott et al [1]in 2003 as a novel generation of green solvents with somewhat similar properties toIonic Liquids (ILs)
This agreement is noteworthy for Ethaline, because usually, the prepared DESs in different laboratories have various water contents which can affect the values of their viscosities
+ ethanol, hinting at the possibly stronger interactions and more non-ideal behavior for the Ethaline + methanol system. This is consistent with the proposed discussion on the viscosity B-coefficients of the Jones–Dole model, where we suggested stronger interactions for the Ethaline + methanol system
Summary
In 2003 as a novel generation of green solvents with somewhat similar properties to. Ionic Liquids (ILs). They chose the choline chloride: levulinic acid (1:2) DES in mixture with either of the normal alcohols of ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, or 1-pentanol at the three temperatures of 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K They reported negative viscosity deviations for all of the investigated systems with respect to ideal mixture viscosities [17]. Gajardo-Parra et al, in 2019, investigated the three choline chloride-based DESs of ChCl: levulinic acid, ChCl:ethylene glycol, and ChCl:phenol at the same molar ratio of 1:2 in mixture with 1-butanol within the temperature range of 293.15–333.15 K. They reported negative viscosity deviations in the mixtures with respect to the pure DES and. These models can be considered as practical engineering tools to estimate the viscosities of the investigated mixtures at any composition desired
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
