Viscosity, Degree of Polymerization, Water Uptake, and Water Solubility Studies on Experimental Dichloro-BisGMA-Based Dental Composites

Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni,Abdullah Al-Kahtani,Taieb Aouak,Rawaiz Khan,Waseem Sharaf Saeed,Ali Alrahlah,Khalid Almutairi

doi:10.3390/app11083577

Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni, Abdullah Al-Kahtani + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083577

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Abstract

The objective of this work was to investigate the advantages of using dichloro bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (dCl-BisGMA) as a potential matrix for dental resin composites. A series of model composites containing 65 wt% resin (urethane dimethacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate/BisGMA as 1:3:1) and 35 wt% silanated silica were prepared. Thus, BisGMA was replaced by dCl-BisGMA as 0, 25, 50, and 100 wt% to obtain UTBC0, UTBC25, UTBC50, and UTBC100, respectively. The composites’ rheological properties, degree of double-bond conversion (DC), water sorption (WSP), and water solubility (WSL) were examined. The data revealed a statistically significant reduction in the complex viscosity of composites containing dCl-BisGMA, compared with UTBC0. No significant differences between DCs were detected (p < 0.05). A significant enhancement in the reduction of the dCl-BisGMA composite WSP was also detected, and conversely, WSL was increased. Although the viscosity, DC, and WSP characters were enhanced, a WSL increase is an undesirable development. However, WSL is supposedly caused by cyclization of small flexible chains, which is more likely to occur in the presence of hydrophobic monomers such as dCl-BisGMA and more prone to leaching than are crosslinked networks. We concluded that dCl-BisGMA is a monomer that could potentially be used as an alternative or in combination with traditional monomers, including BisGMA, in resin-based dental composites, and it deserves further investigation.

Highlights

Since the early 1960s, 2,2-bis[p-(20-hydroxy-30-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane, known as bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) or “Bowen’s resin,” has been the most widely used resin in the field of resin-based dental materials, including restorative composites, adhesives, and prophylactic sealants
Upon curing, and restricts the addition of an adequate amount of reinforcing materials required for better mechanical properties of the restoratives [1,4]
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing BisGMA by dCl-BisGMA

Summary

Introduction

Since the early 1960s, 2,2-bis[p-(20-hydroxy-30-methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane, known as bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) or “Bowen’s resin,” has been the most widely used resin in the field of resin-based dental materials, including restorative composites, adhesives, and prophylactic sealants. BisGMA has a high molecular weight of 512.6 g/mol with two terminal methacrylate functionalities, a stiff central core of two phenyl rings, and two hydroxyl groups. Such a structure facilitates a strong intermolecular interaction through hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions, leading to the extremely high viscosity of the monomer (910 Pa·s) [1,2]. The most commonly used diluent is triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA); some other dimethacrylates, including ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisEMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), are used in combination with

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