Viscosity and dynamics of nanorod (carbon nanotubes, cellulose whiskers, stiff polymers and polymer fibers) suspensions

Abstract

The zero shear viscosity and the dynamic behaviors of different nanorod dispersions (carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cellulose whiskers, polymer nanofibers, crosslinked polymer nanofibers, and stiff polymers such as poly(γ-benzyl-α-l-glutamate) (PBLG)) were compared and discussed from literature data. Their Brownian dynamic behaviors have always been discussed in the frame of the Doi–Edwards theory. In agreement with this theory, the straight rigid rods (CNTs, cellulose whisker, polymer nanofibers) obey a master curve in the reduced viscosity (or rotary diffusivity) c power laws on viscosity (η 0 ∝ φ 3) and diffusivity (D r ∝ ϕ −2). On the contrary, stiff polymer chains and crosslinked polymer fibers at temperature above T g exhibit different and two distinct dynamic behaviors. Despite their deviation from the ideal rigidity, surprisingly it can be noted that stiff polymers such as PBLG have been extremely used in the literature to verify the Doi–Edwards theory. Finally, flexible crosslinked chains at T > T g , do not obey the Doi–Edwards theory, and their dynamics are close to the physics of polymer solutions in terms of power laws.