Abstract
Beginning with paper No. 578 dated 1/8/2022, the author wrote a total of 80 medical research articles using the viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity theories (VGT) from physics and engineering disciplines on 80 different datasets of chosen medical subjects. These papers aim to explore some hidden biophysical behaviors and provide a quantitative understanding of inter-relationships between a selected medical symptom, i.e. biomarker, and multiple influential factors, “root causes or risk factors”. These hidden biophysical behaviors and possible inter-relationships existed among lifestyles, medical conditions, chronic diseases, and certain severe complications, such as heart attacks, stroke, cancers, dementia, or longevity. All of the chosen subjects with their datasets, multiple symptoms, and risk factors are “time-dependent” which means that all of the biomedical variables are changing from time to time. This is why he utilizes VGT tools from physics and engineering to conduct his medical research work. From 1979 to 1982, the author attended a university for his MBA degree with an emphasis on finance and marketing. He spent many years managing a successful high-tech business in Silicon Valley, where it focused on many economic key factors, such as GDP, inflation, stock market performance, etc. As a result, money, finance, and economics are not unfamiliar subjects to him. During his recent medical research work using the VGT tool, he suddenly realized that there is a similarity between the medical and economic systems. The economic variables (inputs and outputs) are comparable to medical variables he studied (causes and symptoms), e.g. waveforms, fluctuation, trends, etc. Both medical and economic variables have possessed “time-dependent” characteristics. The recent COVID-19 pandemic is a unique and severe experience in the world other than the Spanish flu that happened over 100 years ago. He wondered what kind of impact or inter-relationship existed during the pandemic outcome along with overall economic activities. Therefore, he selects the US gross domestic product (GDP) numbers as the output variable along with the US inflation rates (inflation) and the US COVID-19 death cases (COVID) as two input variables to conduct his math-physical medicine (MPM) analysis using the VGT tool. In summary, he conducted three related VGT studies in this article. The first is the GDP of economics versus the inflation rate and COVID death. The second is the inflation rate of economics versus pandemic death and infection from medicine. The third is COVID death from medicine versus COVID infection from medicine. Mathematically, these studies have similar methodologies (VGT) but with different outcome observations and interpretations. Initially, he Googled national data on economics and COVID. However, it should be mentioned that the COVID data are rough estimates directly from the published charts from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Johns Hopkins University. The COVID data are simplified with rounded numbers to thousands for death and millions for infection because the precise digits do not change the physical characteristics of VGT analysis results. Next, he searched and reviewed a few economics articles related to GDP, inflation, consumer price index (CPI), etc. Over the past 2+ years, due to his medical research interest, he was exposed to the news, many articles, and published research papers and clinical data regarding the COVID pandemic. This study is of particular interest to him since it links national economics with a severe infectious disease. This article is his first attempt to link COVID deaths with some important economic measurements, specifically GDP and inflation rate. The established theory of viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity (from the physics branch of science) should
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