Viscoelastic creep behavior of surface- and inner-layers of sugi boxed-heart timber under various temperatures

Andi Hermawan,Noboru Fujimoto

doi:10.1186/s10086-019-1836-y

Andi Hermawan, Noboru Fujimoto

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-019-1836-y

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Journal: Mokuzai Gakkaishi	Publication Date: Oct 16, 2019
Citations: 4	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kyushu University

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the rheological behavior of sugi boxed-heart timber under constant moisture content (MC) using a cantilever creep test. The focus of the study was the effect of temperature on viscoelastic creep behavior of surface- and inner-layer specimens of the timber. The specimens with dimensions of 75 mm in length, 25 mm wide, and 3 mm thick were prepared. A cantilever creep test with an effective span of 40 mm was conducted under a constant temperature of 20, 65, 80, and 95 °C. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of the specimens was set to around 12% at each temperature. A load representing 20% of rupture load of the specimens at each temperature was applied to their free-end and strain gauges were bonded at the fourth span (10 mm) on the upper and bottom surfaces of the specimens. Loading and unloading duration were set for 300 and 180 min, respectively, and a four-element Burgers model was used to model the creep behavior of the timber. It was found that temperature had significant effects on the creep properties of the timber. The surface strain and creep compliance of the surface- and inner-layer specimens tended to increase as the temperature increased. Creep compliance of the surface-layer specimen was higher than that of the inner-layer specimen at each temperature. Fitting the experimental data with the Burgers model used in this study shows good agreement and it was found that elastic (instantaneous) and viscoelastic (delayed) creep compliance of all the specimens tended to increase as the temperature increased. On the other hand, the viscosity of the dashpot element of both the Maxwell and the Kelvin unit tended to decrease as the temperature increased. Although different in magnitude, the creep-recovery compliance parameters had the same tendency as the creep compliance parameters.

Highlights

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) is the most important commercial wood species in Japan
Rupture load The modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE), and the moisture content (MC) of surface- and inner-layer a 0.007
The results show that temperature had significant effects on the creep properties of sugi boxed-heart timber

Summary

Introduction

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) is the most important commercial wood species in Japan. Generally, thinned sugi trees are sawn into boxed-heart timber and used for structural purposes in Japanese traditional post-andbeam construction. It is very difficult to achieve high-quality dried boxed-heart timber. In Japan, various pre-treatments and drying methods have been developed to achieve higher quality dried boxed-heart timber as well as to reduce its drying time [2,3,4]. High-temperature and low-humidity (HT-LH) pre-treatment has been developed and widely used in Japan to prevent the occurrence of surface checks in the timber [5,6,7,8]. During HT-LH pre-treatment, green boxed-heart timber was exposed to dry heat at a temperature of more than 100 °C. Under these circumstances, it was thought that thermal softening would occur on the surface-layer of the timber and contribute to the effective relaxation of tensile stress.

Methods

Results

Conclusion