Abstract
The experimental study of the Creep-recovery examination is necessary to understand the viscoelastic behavior of crude oil-Xanthan gum emulsions. The experimental measurements and analysis of these tests were completed using RheoStress RS100 under controlled stress CS-mode. Rheometers with CS-mode allow for a useful and direct technique for the experimental measurements of creep and recovery stages. This investigation covers a wide range of crude oil concentration of 0–75% by volume, Xanthan concentration range of 0–104 ppm, and two types of Xanthan gums are used and investigated. The creep-recovery measurements of crude oil-Xanthan gums emulsions were extensively investigated. It was important to find the linear viscoelastic range for the examined crude oil-Xanthan gum emulsions. The experimental measurements and analysis of the creep-recovery examinations showed that the linear viscoelastic range was up to 1 Pa. The experimental investigation showed that the higher the concentration of the used gum and crude oil, the lower the compliance of the emulsions. For the Xanthan concentrations of less than 103 ppm, the crude oil-gum emulsion exhibited viscous behavior. However, for the Xanthan concentration of higher than 103, the examined emulsions displayed viscoelastic behavior.
Highlights
A considerable amount of crude oil—around half of the original magnitude—cannot be produced by traditional methods
These remarks are in a full agreement with the results reported by Pal (1996) in which the polymer and crude oil concentrations dictate the viscoelastic behavior in terms of creep and recovery [35]
The gum and oil concentrations dictate the characteristics of the creep-recovery curve and the magnitude of the measured compliance
Summary
A considerable amount of crude oil—around half of the original magnitude—cannot be produced by traditional methods. There are many techniques that can be utilized to achieve this goal; some of these methods are alkali and surfactants as reported by Wylde et al (2013) [2], and carbon dioxide injection [3,4]. Arjmand et al (2012), Wang et al (2013) and Wei et al (2018) reported that the injection of polymer solution into oil wells is one of the effective techniques to capture a significant amount of the trapped oil in place [5–7]. Polymers can be used to modify the rheological properties of the pumped solutions to increase mobility ratio and the crude production rate [8]. Polymer injection into crude oil wells is a useful technique of cultivating more crude oil through increasing the viscosity of the solution [9]
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