Visceral Leishmaniasis co-existing with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a child

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite. The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis ranges from a self-resolving cutaneous ulcer to Visceral leishmaniasis which is a serious, progressive, and potentially lethal systemic disease. “Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children” (MIS-C), which develops after the infection rather than during the acute stage of COVID-19 is a novel systemic syndrome that includes fever, elevated inflammatory parameters and organ dysfunction not attributed to other infectious causes. Here is presented a case the case of a 3-years old girl presented with persistent fever, and elevated inflammatory markers which was found to suffer simultaneously two severe conditions; Visceralis leishmaniasis and MIS-C. As these diseases have some similar clinical and laboratory features a high index of suspicion should be kept for both of them while valuating an ill child with fever and increased inflammatory markers.