Abstract
“Graft incompatibility” develops in young grapevines when latent viruses in scion sources are transmitted to hypersensitive rootstocks by grafting. Reverse incompatibility, when the rootstock is the source of a latent virus, has not been observed in grapevine. After transplanting, affected vines exhibit weak vegetative growth and eventual vine death. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) was initially shown to be associated with graft incompatibility, particularly its genetic variants from the RG and PN groups. These cause a hypersensitive response on rootstocks Kober 5BB, 1103 Paulsen, 5C Teleki, 3309 Couderc, and 1616 Couderc. The genetic determinants of incompatibility in these rootstocks, which are derived from Vitis berlandieri and V. riparia, have not been identified. In addition, coinfections of GLRaV-2 in combination with Grapevine virus B (GVB) or of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) in combination with Grapevine virus A (GVA) are also associated with vine decline on certain rootstocks derived from V. riparia. For diseases “110R necrotic union” and “3309C stem necrosis distortion,” causative agents have not been identified. Syrah decline disease may be associated with grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV). This disease differs markedly from graft-incompatible diseases in that stem marks appear on Syrah scions, not on rootstocks.
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