Viruses infecting gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) and their harmful effect on agricultural crops

Abstract

Goal. Analyze the data of foreign and domestic literature on viruses that infect gladioli, risks for domestic agriculture, present the results of the study of viral diseases on gladioli in Ukraine.
 Methods. Review of information in foreign and domestic literature on viruses that infect gladioli. Visual diagnostics, transmission electron microscopy, double sandwich enzyme immunoassay (DAS-ELISA).
 Results. Gladioli infect viruses: cucumber mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus, tobacco ringspot virus, which belongs to regulated pests in Ukraine. These pathogens are common on all continents where plants are grown, have a wide range of host plants and pose a potential threat to crops. In the case of a systemic reaction of a plant to a viral infection, the symptoms lead to a loss of aesthetic value by the plant, economic losses in the floriculture industry, degeneration of varieties in the collections of botanical gardens and private farms, problems in further selective selection for creating new varieties. Possible means of protection and prevention of the spread of viruses to other types of cultivated plants are considered.
 Conclusions. Gladiolus plants can infect 9 types of viruses, among which the most common and harmful are cucumber mosaic, yellow bean mosaic and tobacco pogrimovka viruses. A yellow bean mosaic virus and a cucumber mosaic virus have been identified in Ukraine. It is especially dangerous that these viral infections can be asymptomatic and gladioli become reservoirs for the preservation and transmission of viruses to other plant crops sensitive to pathogens.