Abstract
The Asian yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax, a major predator of honeybees, is spreading in Europe in part due to a lack of efficient control methods. In this study, as a first step to identify biological control agents, we characterized viral RNA sequences present in asymptomatic or symptomatic hornets. Among 19 detected viruses, the honey bee virus Deformed wing virus-B was predominant in all the samples, particularly in muscles from the symptomatic hornet, suggesting a putative cause of the deformed wing symptom. Interestingly, two new viruses closely related to Acyrthosiphon pisum virus and Himetobi P virus and viruses typically associated with honey bees, Acute bee paralysis virus and Black queen cell virus, were detected in the brain and muscles, and may correspond to the circulation and possible replication forms of these viruses in the hornet. Aphid lethal paralysis virus, Bee Macula-like virus, and Moku virus, which are known to infect honey bees, were also identified in the gut virus metagenome of hornets. Therefore, our study underlined the urgent need to study the host range of these newly discovered viruses in hornets to determine whether they represent a new threat for honey bees or a hope for the biocontrol of V. velutina.
Highlights
The original distribution area of the Asian yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax, native to Southeast Asia, ranges from Nepal to South Eastern China
This first successful introduction of an exotic Vespidae in Europe resulted in a rapid colonization of France and neighbouring countries (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, Germany, England, and the Netherlands; INPN, 2019), with substantial population levels and impacts in most of the colonized regions [5,8,9,10]
Polymorphism and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses of viral signatures between samples indicated that the detection of the Vespa velutina associated acypi-like virus, Deformed wing virus (DWV)-B, and Vespa velutina associated triato-like virus sequences in the brain and muscle samples were not a result of simple cross-contamination that could have occurred during sample processing or library preparation
Summary
The original distribution area of the Asian yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax, native to Southeast Asia, ranges from Nepal to South Eastern China. The surviving yellow-legged hornet-mated queens disperse in order to initiate new nests after hibernation. Despite the genetic bottleneck and inbreeding depression associated with this single introduction event [4,5,7], no population extinction has been observed yet. Instead, this first successful introduction of an exotic Vespidae in Europe resulted in a rapid colonization of France and neighbouring countries (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, Germany, England, and the Netherlands; INPN, 2019), with substantial population levels and impacts in most of the colonized regions [5,8,9,10]
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