Virus Structures, Stellations, Spikes, and Rods

Abstract

AbstractWe show that the spike structures of viruses accurately can be described as stellations of polyhedra using exponential GD functions and also the fundamental theorem of algebra. The structures of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus, human Coxsackie viruses B3 and A21, polio virus, human rhinovirus 16 (common cold), human hepatitis B virus, herpes virus, Sindbis virus, Semliki virus, and echoviruses 1, 7 and 12 are discussed. Again methods from inorganic solid‐state chemistry are very useful in the descriptions.