Abstract
How viruses are transmitted across the mucosal epithelia of the respiratory, digestive, or excretory tracts, and how they spread from cell to cell and cause systemic infections, is incompletely understood. Recent advances from single virus tracking experiments have revealed conserved patterns of virus movements on the plasma membrane, including diffusive motions, drifting motions depending on retrograde flow of actin filaments or actin tail formation by polymerization, and confinement to submicrometer areas. Here, we discuss how viruses take advantage of cellular mechanisms that normally drive the movements of proteins and lipids on the cell surface. A concept emerges where short periods of fast diffusive motions allow viruses to rapidly move over several micrometers. Coupling to actin flow supports directional transport of virus particles during entry and cell-cell transmission, and local confinement coincides with either nonproductive stalling or infectious endocytic uptake. These conserved features of virus–host interactions upstream of infectious entry offer new perspectives for anti-viral interference.
Highlights
The plasma membrane is a highly dynamic organelle and fences off pathogens with considerable efficiency
Single particle tracking suggests that Adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) movements on the cell surface lead the virus particles to plasma membrane domains proficient for endocytosis, or recruit endocytic effector proteins while they are in a particular motion mode [11,86]
Evidence from single particle tracking experiments has demonstrated that particular motion types on the cell surface support infection
Summary
The plasma membrane is a highly dynamic organelle and fences off pathogens with considerable efficiency. Virus entry: Actin-dependent drifts on filopodia and microvilli, diffusion and confinement. Drifting Motions Occur by Coupling Plasma Membrane Receptors to Retrograde F-Actin Flow
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
